CARBOXYMETHYL MODIFICATION ON POLYSACCHARIDE FROM Ceratophyllum submersum ALGAE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62985/j.huit_ojs.vol26.no4.668Keywords:
Carboxymethyl, Ceratophyllum submersum, modification, polysaccharide.Abstract
Polysaccharides are natural macromolecules widely found in plants that exhibit diverse biological activities and have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in medicine and pharmaceutical development. Ceratophyllum submersum is a freshwater alga rich in polysaccharides; however, studies on structural modification aimed at enhancing the biological activities of polysaccharides from this species remain limited. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for polysaccharide modification using the carboxymethylation method and to evaluate the effects of this process on biological activities. The investigated factors included monochloroacetic acid (MCA) concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The results showed that the optimal conditions were achieved at an MCA concentration of 2.5 M, a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 4 h, corresponding to degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.876 ± 0.032, 1.134 ± 0.063, and 1.313 ± 0.038, respectively. FT-IR analysis indicated the appearance of the CH2COO- group, suggesting the substitution of hydroxyl groups (–OH) in the carbon chain. Biological activities were evaluated through antioxidant assays, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, ferric reducing power (RP), and antibacterial activity. The modified polysaccharides exhibited stronger radical-scavenging activity, with IC50 values of 181.65 µg/mL for ABTS and 63.79 µg/mL for NO. The reducing power assay showed increased absorbance, indicating greater ferric-reducing capacity after modification compared with the native polysaccharide. In addition, the modified polysaccharides demonstrated inhibitory activity against Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus. The obtained results demonstrate that carboxymethylation effectively enhances the biological activities of polysaccharides through structural modification, suggesting promising applications of C. submersum-derived polysaccharides in medicine, pharmaceutical development, and functional foods.
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