ĐÁNH GIÁ KHẢ NĂNG ỨC CHẾ MELANIN CỦA PHYCOCYANIN CHIẾT XUẤT TỪ TẢO Arthrospira platensis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62985/j.huit_ojs.vol26.no3.437Từ khóa:
Arthrospira platensis, phycocyanin, melanin, B16F10, độc tínhTóm tắt
Phycocyanin (CPC) là một protein có hoạt tính chống oxy hóa mạnh được chiết xuất từ tảo Arthrospira platensis. Nghiên cứu này đã tách chiết CPC theo tiêu chuẩn mỹ phẩm và đánh giá hiệu quả ức chế melanin của CPC trong điều kiện in vitro. Vách tế bào tảo được phá bằng phương pháp đông lạnh- rã đông trong dung dịch CaCl2 0,1% hoặc 1%, sau đó CPC được tinh sạch bằng phương pháp tủa muối ammonium sulfate (AS) để thu CPC theo chuẩn mỹ phẩm. Độc tính tế bào của CPC được đánh giá trên dòng tế bào L-929 thông qua phương pháp đo MTT để ghi nhận giá trị IC50 gây độc tế bào. Hiệu quả ức chế melanin được đánh giá trên dòng tế bào B16F10. Tế bào B16F10 được nuôi trong môi trường chứa CPC nồng độ 1-10 µg/mL trong 48 giờ. Nồng độ melanin được đánh giá bằng tỉ lệ OD420/mg protein. Kết quả cho thấy quy trình tách chiết CPC tối ưu là kết hợp chu kỳ đông lạnh – rã đông trong CaCl2 1% và tinh sạch bằng AS lần 1 20%, lần 2 30%, độ tinh sạch thu được là 2,411 ± 0,090, nồng độ 3,84 ± 0,07 mg/mL. CPC không gây độc tế bào, giá trị IC50 là 1405 ± 16 µg/mL. Kết quả thử nghiệm cho thấy CPC có khả năng ức chế sự hình thành melanin rõ rệt ở nồng độ 5 µg/mL, nồng độ melanin giảm từ 0,086 ± 0,012 xuống 0,022 ± 0,002. Kết luận: thu được CPC chuẩn mỹ phẩm và CPC ức chế sự hình thành melanin tốt nhất ở nồng độ 5 µg/mL.
Tài liệu tham khảo
[1] V. J. Hearing, “Determination of melanin synthetic pathways,” Journal of Investigative Dermatology, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. E8–E11, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/skinbio.2011.4.
[2] K. A. Cayce, A. J. McMichael, and S. R. Feldman, “Hyperpigmentation: An overview of the common afflictions,” Journal of Dermatology Nursing, vol. 16, no. 5, p. 401, 2004.
[3] R. M. Slominski, T. Sarna, P. M. Płonka, C. Raman, A. A. Brożyna, and A. T. Slominski, “Melanoma, melanin, and melanogenesis: The yin and yang relationship,” Frontiers in Oncology, vol. 12, pp. 1–18, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.842496.
[4] M. Istrate, B. Vlaicu, M. Poenaru, M. Hasbei-Popa, M. C. Salavat, and D. A. Iliescu, “Photoprotection role of melanin in the human retinal pigment epithelium: Imaging techniques for retinal melanin,” Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology, vol. 64, no. 2, pp. 100–104, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.22336/rjo.2020.20.
[5] T. Pillaiyar, M. Manickam, and V. Namasivayam, “Skin whitening agents: Medicinal chemistry perspective of tyrosinase inhibitors,” Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 403–425, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2016.1256882.
[6] K. H. Wang, “Cosmetic applications of selected traditional Chinese herbal medicines,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 106, no. 3, pp. 353–359, 2006, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.01.010
[7] M. M. de A. Alchorne, K. da C. Conceição, L. L. Barraza, and M. A. M. M. de Abreu, “Dermatology in black skin,” Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 327–341, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abd.2023.10.001.
[8] S. S. Kose and A. Oncel, “Design of melanogenesis regulatory peptides derived from phycocyanin of the microalgae Spirulina platensis,” Peptides, vol. 152, Art. no. 170783, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170783
[9] D. Pez Jaeschke, I. Rocha Teixeira, L. Damasceno Ferreira Marczak, and G. Domeneghini Mercali, “Phycocyanin from Spirulina: A review of extraction methods and stability,” Food Research International, vol. 143, Art. no. 110314, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110314
[10] M. G. De Morais, D. Da Fontoura Prates, J. B. Moreira, J. H. Duarte, and J. A. V. Costa, “Phycocyanin from microalgae: Properties, extraction and purification, with some recent applications,” Industrial Biotechnology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 30–37, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1089/ind.2017.0009
[11] B. R. Sadewo, N. Dewayanto, Rochmadi, A. S. Juniawan, and A. Budiman, “Optimization study of phycocyanin ultrasound-assisted extraction process from Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) using different solvent,” Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 589–608, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.nutrafoods.eu/index.php/nutra/article/download/72/66/138
[12] S. Braune, A. Krüger-Genge, S. Kammerer, F. Jung, and J.-H. Küpper, “Phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis as potential anti-cancer drug: Review of in vitro and in vivo studies,” Life, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/life11020091.
[13] Q. Liu, Y. Huang, R. Zhang, T. Cai, and Y. Cai, “Medical application of Spirulina platensis derived C-phycocyanin,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2016, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7803846
[14] L. C. Wu, Y. Y. Lin, S. Y. Yang, Y. T. Weng, and Y. T. Tsai, “Antimelanogenic effect of C-phycocyanin through modulation of tyrosinase expression by upregulation of ERK and downregulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathways,” Journal of Biomedical Science, vol. 18, no. 1, Art. no. 74, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1423-0127-18-74.
[15] A. R. Muruganandam, S. Venkatasubramanian, S. A. Jagmag, and V. Veerichetty, “Antityrosinase activity of phycocyanin and cream formulation for hyperpigmentation,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 1291, no. 1, Art. no. 012039, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1291/1/012039.
[16] J. F. Fabre, N. U. F. Niangoran, C. Gaignard, D. Buso, Z. Mouloungui, and R. Valentin, “Extraction, purification and stability of C-phycocyanin from Arthrospira platensis,” European Food Research and Technology, vol. 248, no. 6, pp. 1583–1599, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-022-03987-z.
[17] E. G. Oliveira, G. S. Rosa, M. A. Moraes, and L. A. A. Pinto, “Phycocyanin content of Spirulina platensis dried in spouted bed and thin layer,” Journal of Food Process Engineering, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 34–50, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.2007.00143.x.
[18] R. Fernandes et al., “Exploring the benefits of phycocyanin: From Spirulina cultivation to its widespread applications,” Pharmaceuticals, vol. 16, no. 4, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16040592
[19] H. A. Tavanandi, R. Mittal, J. Chandrasekhar, and K. S. M. S. Raghavarao, “Simple and efficient method for extraction of C-phycocyanin from dry biomass of Arthrospira platensis,” Algal Research, vol. 31, pp. 239–251, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.008
[20] K. Pispas et al., “Optimizing phycocyanin extraction from cyanobacterial biomass: A comparative study of freeze–thaw cycling with various solvents,” Marine Drugs, vol. 22, no. 6, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/md22060246
[21] S. P. Kamble, R. B. Gaikar, R. B. Padalia, and K. D. Shinde, “Extraction and purification of C-phycocyanin from dry Spirulina powder and evaluating its antioxidant, anticoagulation and prevention of DNA damage activity,” Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, vol. 3, no. 8, pp. 149–153, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/1013_pdf.pdf
[22] M. Izadi and M. Fazilati, “Extraction and purification of phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis and evaluating its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity,” Asian Journal of Green Chemistry, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 364–379, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.22034/AJGC.2018.63597
[23] C. C. Moraes and S. J. Kalil, “Strategy for a protein purification design using C-phycocyanin extract,” Bioresource Technology, vol. 100, no. 21, pp. 5312–5317, 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.026
[24] A. Patel, S. Mishra, R. Pawar, and P. K. Ghosh, “Purification and characterization of C-phycocyanin from cyanobacterial species of marine and freshwater habitat,” Protein Expression and Purification, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 248–255, 2005, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pep.2004.10.028
[25] N. T. Hamdan, B. A. A. A. Jwad, and S. A. Jasim, “Synergistic anticancer effects of phycocyanin and Citrullus colocynthis extract against WiDr, HCT-15 and HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines,” Gene Reports, vol. 22, Art. no. 100972, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100972
[26] G. Liu, “Targeted antitumor mechanism of C-PC/CMC-CD55sp nanospheres in HeLa cervical cancer cells,” Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 11, Art. no. 906, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00906
[27] C. C. Romay, R. Delgado, D. Remirez, and R. Gonzalez, “Effects of phycocyanin extract on tumor necrosis factor-α and nitrite levels in serum of mice treated with endotoxin,” Arzneimittelforschung, vol. 51, no. 9, pp. 733–736, 2001, doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1300107
[28] I. Mitra, “Benzimidazole based Pt(II) complexes with better normal cell viability than cisplatin: Synthesis, substitution behavior, cytotoxicity, DNA binding and DFT study,” RSC Advances, vol. 6, no. 80, pp. 76600–76613, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra17788c
[29] S. Chung, G. J. Lim, and J. Y. Lee, “Quantitative analysis of melanin content in a three-dimensional melanoma cell culture,” Scientific Reports, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37055-y
[30] R. M. Heriniaina, J. Dong, P. K. Kalavagunta, H. L. Wu, D. S. Yan, and J. Shang, “Effects of six compounds with different chemical structures on melanogenesis,” Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 766–773, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(18)30116-X
[31] H. Cho, “Feruloylserotonin inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced melanogenesis and apoptosis in B16F10 and SK-Mel-2 melanoma cells,” Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 491, no. 4, pp. 973–979, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.158
[32] J. Kuhnholz, T. Glockow, V. Siebecke, A. T. Le, L. D. Tran, and A. Noke, “Comparison of different methods for extraction of phycocyanin from the cyanobacterium Arthrospira maxima (Spirulina),” Journal of Applied Phycology, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 1725–1735, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03224-y
[33] K. D. Athiyappan, W. Routray, and B. Paramasivan, “Phycocyanin from Spirulina: A comprehensive review on cultivation, extraction, purification, and its application in food and allied industries,” Food and Humanity, vol. 2, no. 1, Art. no. 100235, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foohum.2024.100235
[34] K. M. Minkova, A. A. Tchernov, M. I. Tchorbadjieva, S. T. Fournadjieva, R. E. Antova, and M. C. Busheva, “Purification of C-phycocyanin from Spirulina (Arthrospira) fusiformis,” Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 102, no. 1, pp. 55–59, 2003, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1656(03)00004-X
[35] Y. M. Zhang and F. Chen, “A simple method for efficient separation and purification of C-phycocyanin and allophycocyanin from Spirulina platensis,” Biotechnology Techniques, vol. 13, pp. 601–603, 1999, doi: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008914405302
[36] A. T. Borchers, “Natural compounds in cancer therapy—Promising nontoxic antitumor agents from plants & other natural sources,” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 75, no. 5, p. 955, 2002, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/75.5.955a
[37] N. N. Zulkipli, “The cytotoxicity effect and identification of bioactive compounds of Prismatomeris glabra crude leaf extracts against breast cancer cells,” Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 1, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-024-00490-0
[38] R. I. Geran, N. H. Greenberg, and M. M. MacDonald, Protocols for Screening Chemical Agents and Natural Products Against Animal Tumors and Other Biological Systems, 1972, pp. 1–103.
[39] S. C. Dimarti, N. Susilaningsih, and R. Yuniati, “Phycocyanin from Spirulina platensis induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in T47D cells,” Biosaintifika, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 28–34, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.semanticscholar.org/reader/6252476a9f6f15a396c742daa968031d68c8b6d0.
[40] M. Akaberi, S. A. Emami, M. Vatani, and Z. Tayarani-Najaran, “Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-melanogenic activity of different extracts of aerial parts of N. sintenisii in murine melanoma B16F10 cells,” Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 225–235, 2018.
[41] M. R. Choi, “Echinochrome A inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by downregulating CREB signaling,” Marine Drugs, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 1-12, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/md20090555.
